The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain - 589 Words

In the novel The Adventures Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, a theme of freedom is expressed. Freedom takes on a different view for each character in the novel. In Jim, the runaway slave, and Hucks, the troublesome boy, journey, they acquire freedom. Jims hunt for freedom is an escape from slavery, while Hucks is a method to get away from the civilized world. Their search for freedom is for one reason, for their happiness. This is expressed throughout the novel in Jims wish of escaping slavery and Hucks desire for being uncivilized. From the beginning of the novel, Jim lives his life as a slave living with huck. He is fairly happy and cheerful until one day, when he overhears his owner, Mrs. Watson, talking about selling him to New Orleans for eight-hundred dollars. Jim becomes frightened and runs away from Mrs. Watson. From that point, Jim turns into a runaway slave. His journey with Huck down the Mississippi river commenced with only the fear of being caught as a runaway slave. Later in the journey, Jim starts to crave for freedom from slavery. This is revealed in this quote when Huck describes Jims reply about being free in Cairo, Jim said it made him all over trembly and fe verish to be so close to freedom (97). Jims excitement is also displayed in more actions about Cairo as Huck describes more, Jim was fidgeting up and down past me. We neither of us could keep still. Every time he danced around and says, Dahs Cairo! (97) Jims excitement for freedom isShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Ma rk Twain830 Words   |  3 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is â€Å"A Great American Novel†, because of its complexity and richness. Twain writes dialogue that brings his characters to life. He creates characters with unique voice and helps the reader connect to the book. Anyone who reads it is forced to develop feelings for each character. Even though there is a great amount of controversy over the use of some choices, such as the â€Å"n word†, it makes the book more realistic. In the beginning of the novel Huck,Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1103 Words   |  5 PagesDmitri Van Duine Jr English Mr. Nelson November 27th The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Written by Mark Twain filled his stories with many examples of satire as to convey a message while also writing an interesting story. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn revolves around the adventures of a young boy called Huckleberry Finn, who is about thirteen years old. Tom Sawyer is Huck’s best friend and around the same age as Huck. He is onlyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesZambrano Mrs. Patmor AP Lit-Period 5 28 September 2016 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1835 Mark Twain embodies realism in almost every aspect of his writing not excluding The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which in he portrays such a lifelike setting that it almost gives you this sense of reality through the point of view of a young man that has an urge for freedom yet struggles to conform to society s norms due to his adolescence. Twain s ability to unmask the true identities of the charactersRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain931 Words   |  4 PagesWolski Mrs. Goska English 2H Period 3 22 October 2014 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mob mentality is the way an individual’s decisions become influenced by the often unprincipled actions of a crowd. Mark Twain penned The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Twain grew up in America’s southern states during the early 1800’s, a time in which moral confusion erupted within the minds of humans. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn s protagonist is a young boy named Huck who freely travels alongRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1375 Words   |  6 Pagesmention the years spent growing and maturing physically. Teenagers are stuck in an inbetween state where they must learn who they want to become and what they want to be when they grow older. The same is true for Huckleberry Finn, from the book â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain. This is a book that was written in a time of great confusion over moral codes and standards. It was a world split in half by two different worlds of people; those who opposed, a nd those who promoted slavery.Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain2083 Words   |  9 PagesSatire in Huckleberry Finn In the novel â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain, we are told a story about a young boy and his slave companion’s journey down the Mississippi River and all of their encounters with other characters. Twain constructed a beautiful narrative on how young Huck Finn, the protagonist in the story, learns about the world and from other adult characters, how he is shaped into his own person. At the time this book was made however, this novel provided serious socialRead MoreMark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1575 Words   |  6 Pages Mark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Controversy Mark Twain, born Samuel Langhorne Clemens, is a highly recognizable figure in American literature. Born in Florida, Missouri Mark Twain and his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri where Twain discovered and fell in love with the mighty Mississippi River. The river and his life in Hannibal became his inspiration and guiding light in most of his writing. Although Twain loved the river and did a great deal of traveling, he eventuallyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1005 Words   |  5 Pages In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain in the 19th century is about a young boy named Huck Finn and Jim, a runaway slave who go on an adventure. The two travel on a raft along the Mississippi river creating a bond and making memories. Mark Twain presents Huckleberry Finn as a dynamic character who at first views Jim as property and eventually considers Jim as a friend, showing a change in maturity. In the beginning of the book, Huck Finn clearly sees Jim as nothing more thanRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1335 Words   |  6 Pagesyear The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is placed in the top ten banned books in America. People find the novel to be oppressing and racially insensitive due to its frequent use of the n-word and the portrayal of blacks as a Sambo caricature. However, this goes against Mark Twain’s intent of bringing awareness to the racism in America. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is classified under the genre of satire and is narrated by a fictional character named Huckleberry Finn. The novelRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain810 Words   |  4 PagesBefore Mark Twain started to write two of his most famous novels, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark was known to use his characters to display his own thoughts and opinions. â€Å"This device allowed him to s ay just about anything he wanted, provided he could convincingly claim he was simply reporting what others had said.† (Twain, 1283). Mark Twain used this process to be a foundation of his lectures, by manipulating his popularly with his readers. During the story

Emergency Driving Procedures - 752 Words

Emergency Driving Procedures Emergency situations sometimes arise that prevent your car from functioning properly. While these can be scary situations, it is important to remain calm, and know what to do when these situations arise. From brake failure to engine fires, always follow a few tips. How to Avoid Vehicle Malfunction 1. Although some vehicle malfunctions may not be avoidable, routine maintenance helps keep the vehicle functioning at its best. Get oil changes every three months or after every 3,000 miles of driving. Also have your mechanic check brake fluid levels and power steering fluid levels. Pay attention to gauges while driving. If the oil light or check engine light turn on, drive slowly, stay away from heavy†¦show more content†¦If the car is parked in a safe location, call your mechanic or local tow truck company, and have the vehicle towed to a repair location. Do not try to flag down other traffic. Put the hood up on your vehicle and tie a white shirt or cloth to the your car antenna or window. If your car is safely removed from oncoming traffic, remain in the car with doors locked. If the car is still unsafe, move away from traffic and stand to the side of theShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Drugs On The Human Body1208 Words   |  5 Pagesexercise and in an emergency situation. Then, the stimulating drugs, such as coke and meth were tested, to see their effects on strength. Despite the fact that these users realized the negative impact of drugs, their addiction prevented them from helping themselves, and accepting the help of others. At the beginning of the video, the first experiment for the drug users was to perform a task that’s done every day. 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According to House Bill 62 of the 85th legislative session, citizens are not allowed to text and drive anywhere within the State of Texas (Pruner, Dagney). Texting and driving at the same time is a dangerous act because it could result in accidents and puts the driver and other potential drivers at risk. Many people have lost their lives due to incidents with one or more party that was texting while driving. Consequently, the legis lature decided toRead MoreEssay On Texas Rights874 Words   |  4 Pagesenacted by the Texas legislature is safe driving. According to House Bill 62 of the 85th legislative session, citizens are not allowed to text and drive anywhere within the State of Texas (Pruner, Dagney). Texting and driving at the same time is a dangerous act because it could result in accidents and puts the driver and other potential drivers at risk. Many people have lost their lives due to incidents with one or more party that was texting while driving. Consequently, the legislature decided to

Nature of Sin Free Essays

string(165) " sin did my mother conceive me† and again â€Å"The wicked are estranged from the womb: they go forth speaking lies as soon as they be born† \(Psalms 51:5, 58:3\)\." Romans 5:12 [ Death Through Adam, Life Through Christ ] Therefore, just as sin entered the world through one man, and death through sin, and in this way death came to all men, because all sinned. â€Å"It is proven every human being sins. Sin is often defined as missing the mark. We will write a custom essay sample on Nature of Sin or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is a failure to live up to God’s requirements†. When we use the word â€Å"sin† many people have very different ideas about what sin actually is. Most people think of sin only as committing very evil crimes. Others don’t use the word sin when talking about their own deficiencies, but instead refer to their sins as â€Å"mistakes†. If we are to know God, it is of utmost importance that we understand His definition of sin and see our condition through the eyes of the Almighty One. â€Å"Surely I was sinful at birth, sinful from the time my mother conceived me† (Psalm 51:5). â€Å"We sin because we have a sin nature. Every human being possesses a sin nature — a corrupt nature inherited from Adam†. Our sin nature separates us from God: â€Å"The result of one trespass was condemnation for all men† (Romans 5:18). Psalm 51:5 states that we all come into the world as sinners: â€Å"Behold, I was brought forth in iniquity, and in sin my mother conceived me. † Ephesians 2:2 says that all people who are not in Christ are â€Å"sons of disobedience. † Ephesians 2:3 also establishes this, saying that we are all â€Å"by nature children of wrath. † If we are all â€Å"by nature children of wrath,† it can only be because we are all by nature sinners–for God does not direct His wrath towards those who are not guilty. God did not create the human race sinful, but upright. But we fell into sin and became sinful due to the sin of Adam. Christians have two natures at work in their being — one is the old sin nature, and the other is a new nature controlled by the Spirit†. These two natures are constantly at war with each other. Paul explains that, despite his best intentions, he is still influenced by his sin nature: â€Å"I have the desire to do what is good , but I cannot carry it out. For what I do is not the good I want to do; no, the evil I do not want to do — this I keep on doing† (Romans 7:18-19). While our two natures are constantly in conflict, it is not the sin nature that will ultimately control the Christian. Part of the sanctification process involves dying to the old nature. The Christian will sin, but the Christian will not continue in unrestrained sin: â€Å"You, however, are controlled not by the sinful nature but by the Spirit, if the Spirit of God lives in you† (Romans 8:9). Sin in the Christian’s life will be followed by remorse and repentance. At Christ’s second coming, when the believer’s body is glorified, the sin nature will be destroyed once and for all. Until then, we are told to resist the sin nature’s temptations. God is faithful; He will not let you be tempted beyond what you can bear. But when you are tempted, He will also provide a way out so that you can stand up under it† (1 Corinthians 10:13). â€Å"Sin is a spiritual contagious disease, an illness and an ulcer which has stricken all mankind, both in his soul and his body. Sin has damaged all three of the basic abilities and powers of the soul; the mind, the heart and the will†. Man’s mind became darkened and inclined toward error, thus, man constantly errs – in science, in philosophy and in his practical activity. The Lord Jesus Christ Himself says that this sin – the blasphemy against the Holy Spirit – is not forgiven and will not be forgiven either in this age or in the future. He pronounced these terrible words against the Pharisees who, though they clearly saw that he worked everything according to the will of God and by God’s power, nevertheless distorted the truth. They perished in their own blasphemy and their example is instructive and urgent for all those who would sin mortal sin: by an obdurate and conscious adversity to the undoubted Truth and thereby blaspheming the Spirit of truth – God’s Holy Spirit. The Bible teaches that â€Å"all have sin and come short of the glory of God† (Romans 3:23). That means all humans have a sinful nature and are capable of doing things which are contrary to the will of God. James said â€Å"Anyone, then, who knows the good he ought to do and doesn’t do it, sins†- James 4:17. Paul says, anything that is not of faith is sin (Roman 14:23) and the Apostle John calls sin lawlessness. With that being said, here we are in the Garden of Eden. God had given Adam specific instructions, before Eve was formed. Rom 6:22, 23 â€Å"But now having been set free from sin, and having become slaves of God, you have your fruit to holiness, and the end, everlasting life. For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord†. It is evident that we all sinned and falling short; all but one man Jesus Christ. There was one major difference between Jesus and every other person who’s ever lived – He never sinned. Hebrews 4:15 says, â€Å"For we do not have a high priest who cannot sympathize with our weaknesses, but One who has been tempted in all things as we are, yet without sin. As that verse also shows, Jesus went through every type of hardship that we go through. But why do we sin? Are we conceived with a Nature to sin or do we choose to sin? Do children have to be taught to lie or do they have to be taught to tell the truth? Obviously they must be taught to tell the truth because they are liars by nature. David wrote, â€Å"Behold, I was shapen in iniquity; and in sin did my mother conceive me† and again â€Å"The wicked are estranged from the womb: they go forth speaking lies as soon as they be born† (Psalms 51:5, 58:3). You read "Nature of Sin" in category "Essay examples" Paul tells us, â€Å"And you hath he quickened, who were dead in trespasses and sins; Wherein in time past ye walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air, the spirit that now worketh in the children of disobedience: Among whom also we all had our conversation in times past in the lusts of our flesh, fulfilling the desires of the flesh and of the mind; and were by nature the children of wrath, even as others† (Eph. 2:1-3). So we must conclude, according to Scripture, we are conceived under the condemnation of sin and death, with a nature to sin against God and need not be taught to sin. Sin was passed on to the Human Race when Adam knew Eve and Cain were born. Adam â€Å"BEGAT† sons and daughters, and the whole process continued. This seems to agree with what David wrote, â€Å"In sin did my mother conceive me† and what Paul said, â€Å"We all – were by nature the children of wrath, even as others†. Therefore God says, â€Å"Wherefore, as by one man sin entered the world, and death by sin; and so death PASSED upon all men, for that (in whom) all have sinned†. The 7 Deadly Sins are so-called because they have the ability to â€Å"kill grace† – to turn us away from a place where we can receive the grace of Christ. None of them are discreet acts: they are all â€Å"inner dispositions and modes of behavior from which individual sins flow†. In no particular order, they are: Lust, Gluttony, Sloth, Greed, Wrath, Envy, and Pride. A few notes about these will clarify their nature. â€Å"Lust is not merely sexual, though sexual lust captures the sense of it quite nicely: the Deadly Sin of Lust is disordered desire of any type – something early theologians saw as the primal sin†. Similarly, Gluttony is not just about food, but about consuming for the sake of consumption,  habitual excess. Greed is very similar: wealth for wealth’s sake. Pride’s definition is more well-known: self-centeredness, or the inability to refrain from putting oneself before others. These are not actions, but dispositions: they are not even things that we can will ourselves to do, but things outside of our will that twist our application of our will. I cannot simply choose not to be greedy; rather, my greed influences my will, justifying my greedy actions and thus limiting my will. â€Å"If we are to make informed choices in life, the seven deadly sins present us with biased fact sheets. This is one of the things that make sin so utterly sinful: we do not choose evil, but rather see evil as good. I’m sinful, and there’s nothing I can do about it. Sure, constant discipline can help me to control my outward expressions of the 7 deadly sins, but even if I manage to keep them all inside, they’re still in there. On our own, there’s nothing we can do about sin. Through his life and death, Christ has defeated sin. We are no longer guilty for sin, even though we continue to commit sins: by identifying with Christ, we identify with His sinlessness. To put it another way, Christ is the representative of all humanity – and because our representative is sinless, in the sight of God, so are we. Good news! The effects of sin (suffering and death) are no longer permanent; we look forward to being resurrected, just like Christ was, into a new world where God will â€Å"wipe away every tear†, and there will be no more mourning or death (Revelation 21:4). We are counted as righteous now (even though we aren’t), and one day we will have new natures like Christ’s, and so will actually be righteous. That’s not to say that I’ll ever be perfect in this life; but it is to affirm that my sinful nature does not flare up as often as it did five years ago. It is to suggest that, by the power of Christ in me through the Holy Spirit, I can do good! This is a very important issue to be dealt with by Christian Ethics, counseling, and pastoral care. If we are completely incapable of doing good, yet are justified by Christ anyway, then should we even try to do good? Without a doctrine of sanctification, in which we assert that Christ has in some sense overcome sin in us, and that the Holy Spirit enables us to do good, then there is no rationale for judgment on one hand or ethics on the other. Humankind is sinful, there is no doubt. We all commit sins of commission and omission, and have twisted impulses and understandings, and face temptations and deceptions of all sorts, and are completely incapable of setting aside this sinful nature on our own†. But God is making us like Him, even now, and our present sufferings under the sinful nature are not worthy of comparison to the glory that will be revealed in us. â€Å"An overstated doctri ne of sin tells us that we are worms whom God loves; God tells us that we are glorious, like His Son, and that we ought to, and can, learn to act like it. † ——————————————- [ 1 ]. Robert Thompson, The Nature of Sin (Trumpet Ministries, Inc. 2011), page 73 [ 2 ]. Alan Jacobs, Original Sin: A Cultural History (Reed Business, Inc. 2009) page 124 [ 3 ]. Holy Bible, King James Version (American Bible Society, 1999) [ 4 ]. Anna Kingsford, Concerning The Nature of Sin (Kissinger Publishing, LLC. 2010) page 226 [ 5 ]. Holy Bible, King James Version (American Bible Society, 1999) [ 6 ]. Anthony Roukema, The Bible and the Future (Gale ECCO. 2010) page 79 [ 7 ]. Holy Bible, King James Version (American Bible Society, 1999 [ 8 ]. Holy Bible, King James Version (American Bible Society, 1999) [ 9 ]. Holy Bible, King James Version (American Bible Society, 1999) [ 10 ]. Josephine Hart, Sin (Create Space. 2009) page 10 [ 11 ]. Holy Bible, King James Version (American Bible Society, 1999) [ 12 ]. Holy Bible, King James Version (American Bible Society, 1999) [ 13 ]. Holy Bible, King James Version (American Bible Society, 1999) [ 14 ]. Holy Bible, King James Version (American Bible Society, 1999) [ 15 ]. Holy Bible, King James Version (American Bible Society, 1999) [ 16 ]. Holy Bible, King James Version (American Bible Society, 1999) [ 17 ]. Holy Bible, King James Version (American Bible Society, 1999) [ 18 ]. Holy Bible, King James Version (American Bible Society, 1999) [ 19 ]. Josephine Hart, Sin (Create Space. 2009) page 223 [ 20 ]. Josephine Hart, Sin (Create Space. 2009) page 224 [ 21 ]. Josephine Hart, Sin (Create Space. 2009) pages 224-225 [ 22 ]. Holy Bible, King James Version (American Bible Society, 1999) [ 23 ]. Alan Jacobs, Original Sin: A Cultural History (Reed Business, Inc. 2009) page 23 [ 24 ]. Anna Kingsford, Concerning The Nature of Sin (Kissinger Publishing, LLC. 2010) page 510 How to cite Nature of Sin, Essay examples

Economics The Food Crisis

Questions: 1. From: 2007: recently, droughts, poor harvest conditions, and growing demand from fast growing countries in the developing world have sent world food prices skyrocketing.a. Would you analyze this as a demand shock or a supply shock, and why? is this likely to change the natural rate of unemployment(NRU)? explain the natural rate and why the shock likely will or won't change NRU.( no labor market graph required)b. Demonstrate the effect of escalating food prices on an AS-AD graph, starting with MR equilibrium. show the SR solution, and explain WHY prices and GDP move in the direction you select.c. Show the MR solution, and explain why prices and GDP move in the direction you select.d. Now suppose that labor productivity rises significantly at the same time that food prices start escalating. explain how this would alter your analysis and graph, but you need not graph it.3. Explain why the AS slope is usually perceived to be positive(i.e, explain how AS represents possible labor marke t equilibria). Does this help you explain what circumstances could flatten out the AS curve?(consult the AS equation below). Why does this matter?4. (a) Graph and explain monetary neutrality in the medium run. (b) Why does Blanchard introduce monetary expansion when the economy is already operating at the natural level of Y? explain the controversy over the natural rate of unemployment, relying on Blanchard's discussion and on the Bernstein Baker article. Answer: 1. A. The food crisis was due to supply shock because the quantity of supply reduced and price increased. The major factors for food crisis during 2007-2008 that leads to supply shock are: Droughts in wheat producing countries during 2005-06. Reserves of gain were low. 5% of the world cereals were converted into agro fuels. Per capita consumption of meat was doubled in some developing countries. Uncontrolled growth of world population. Productivity and soil losses due to urbanization, soil erosion and water depletion. Low production of crop due to natural disaster. Increase in demand for the resource intensive food. Rise in the price of oil. Supply shock can change the natural rate of unemployment. The natural rate of unemployment is the unemployment rate when the market of labour is in equilibrium. It is caused by the supply side factors rather than the demand side factors. Price rise of oil in supply shock can lead to high inflation and high unemployment (bruegel, 2011). It is the difference between those who want job at current wage rate and one who are able and willing to take job. B. The effect of escalating food prices on AS-Ad graph starting with MR equilibrium is given below. The rise in the price of food leads to decrease in the demand and supply. The rise in the price of food leads to supply shock. The short run aggregate supply moves to the left direction. The new higher price level lowers the real GDP shifts to the left (Cohen and Clapp, 2009). C. Increase in the price of food decrease the demand and quantity output moves towards left direction and supply of food decreases. The market can be in an equilibrium state if the supply is according to the demand. D. Increase in the labour productivity and escalating price rise impose vital impact on food insecure and poor people. Rise in the price of goods and commodity leads to the consumption only by rich people. The factors involves change in the opportunity cost of production and food consumption in terms of substitution and real income affecting the cost and consumer, income and substitution effect effects for producer (Gliessman, 2013). Increase in the productivity which means more workers able to produce more output. Rise in the price of food can be controlled by high production of food from the labours employing in the process. 3. As slope is perceived to be positive because: Inflexible prices of resources that makes easier to reduce the resource employment and aggregate real production when the level of price falls. The pool of the natural unemployment consists of structural and frictional unemployment that can be used to increase the real production when level of price rises. Imbalance purchasing power of the resource prices entices the resource owner to produce less or more aggregate real production. The supply curve provides the total number of employees in the economy allocated in the market at the given wage level. Equilibrium occurs when the demand equals supply generating competitive employment and wage. The wage level would create either downward or upward pressure on the wages, there would be too many workers competing for few job available or too many job chasing few worker available (Healey, 2011). The labour market will be in equilibrium when demand is equal to supply E and workers are employed at wage of W. The entire person gets the job at the wage in the equilibrium state. Producer surplus is P and worker surplus is Q in the triangle. The market competition maximizes the gain from the trade that is P+Q. Neutrality of money is based on the idea that change in the supply of money would not change the aggregate demand and supply of the goods, services or technology. The growth rate of money influences in the medium runt that is inflation. In medium run the economy will return to natural rate of unemployment and natural level of output (bruegel, 2011). The natural level of output is determined by supply condition in economy, if the economy is growing over time then the there will be output growth. The growth of population stays constant and economy return to the natural rate of unemployment. The Blanchard introduced monetary expansion which includes AS and AD model which explains the joint equilibrium on three markets for financial asset, gods and for the labour can expressed as intersection point for the two curves. In financial and good market, price high have the same effect as lower money supply and real money experience, downward sloping curve called aggregate demand. In the labour market, high output means low unemployment, which benefits the worker bargaining power, rise in wages and price leads to aggregate supply curve. The monetary expansion of Blanchard clearly states the aggregate demand and supply of the economy. The controversy over the natural rate of unemployment the Blanchard's use the term full employment means everyone have job at any given moment. Structural and frictional unemployment is natural part of the economy. Bernstein Baker article structural and friction unemployment result from the lack of job. Natural unemployment is considered as the full employment (Cohen and Clapp, 2009). References bruegel, m. (2011). From the Crisis of Food to Food in Crisis.Gastronomica: The Journal of Food and Culture, 11(3), pp.40-52. Cohen, M. and Clapp, J. (2009).The global food crisis. [Waterloo, Ont.]: Wilfrid Laurier University Press. Gliessman, S. (2013). A Food Crisis Spawns an Alternative Food Movement.Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 38(1), pp.1-2. Healey, J. (2011).Global food crisis. Thirroul, N.S.W.: Spinney Press.

Wal mart Essay Example For Students

Wal mart Essay I am pro-choice. I am not one person, but many. Here is what I believe:The fetus is not a human, just a mass of tissue. Abortion is safer than childbirth. Every child should be a wanted child. The number of abortions is relatively small. Nobody has the right to impose their morals on me. A woman should be able to control her own body. Abortion must be kept legal, especially for all the rape and incest pregnancies. We will write a custom essay on Wal mart specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now If abortion is outlawed women will be forced to go to back-alley abortion clinics. Aborting unwanted children reduces the number of abused children. We need to remember that we are overpopulating the planet. Planned Parenthood is a group that focuses on contraception. Pro-life people are diverse in economic status, race, religion, and education. Yet, they are unified by the concept that all humans, especially the innocent unborn, have an inherent right to life. Here are things I believe as a Pro-Life person:I believe that the unborn child is human. I believe that abortion is fundamentally a Civil Rights issue, I believe that the Roe v. Wade decision, legalizing abortion on demand in America, was one of the most important and devastating Supreme Court decisions. I believe that a constitutional amendment should be passed that gives equal protection to all living humans, including the unborn. I believe that the violence inside and outside abortion clinics is morally wrong. I believe that rape and incest are horrible crimes and should be punished, but I dont believe that a child conceived from either should be killed. I do not believe that the government should fund abortions. Being a religious person, I believe that the Bible backs up my views on abortion.

Free Essays on How Television Affects Children

Many television programs involve substantial amounts of violence in one form or another that causes people to think that television is the cause of violence in today’s youth. Many question whether television disturbs the minds of adolescent children who cannot yet comprehend the truth of fiction and reality. Studies show that violent television viewing affects younger children more since their perception of what is real or unreal is not as acute as in older adults - meaning that aggressive adults learn their behavior as children. By watching portrayals of violence, children learn to accept aggressive behavior by becoming desensitized to the effects of violence and imitate it by modeling aggressive behaviors. According to the Institute for the Social Research, an aggressive behavior is learned behavior which is being taught to our children by the media violence that they are exposed to daily (Chen, 1994 p.23). In Aggression: A Social Learning Analysis, written by Albert Bandura in 1973, indicates that sometimes watching a single violent program can increase aggressiveness. However, the impact of viewing violence on television may become immediately evident in the child’s behavior, or it may not surface till later (Canton and Wilson, 1984). While violence portrayed on television is not the cause of aggressive behavior, it is clearly a significant factor. Children â€Å"are predisposed to seek out and pay attention to violence† (Canton and Wilson, 1984). It is not the violence itself that makes programs attractive to children, but the vivid images accompanying them. Children are unlikely to put the violence in context since they are likely to misunderstand the violent images being portrayed – children cannot comprehend fiction from reality. They don’t realize TV programs are people acting out a script and the scenes are not real. They become less sensitive to pain and suffering of others, and children are more likely ... Free Essays on How Television Affects Children Free Essays on How Television Affects Children Many television programs involve substantial amounts of violence in one form or another that causes people to think that television is the cause of violence in today’s youth. Many question whether television disturbs the minds of adolescent children who cannot yet comprehend the truth of fiction and reality. Studies show that violent television viewing affects younger children more since their perception of what is real or unreal is not as acute as in older adults - meaning that aggressive adults learn their behavior as children. By watching portrayals of violence, children learn to accept aggressive behavior by becoming desensitized to the effects of violence and imitate it by modeling aggressive behaviors. According to the Institute for the Social Research, an aggressive behavior is learned behavior which is being taught to our children by the media violence that they are exposed to daily (Chen, 1994 p.23). In Aggression: A Social Learning Analysis, written by Albert Bandura in 1973, indicates that sometimes watching a single violent program can increase aggressiveness. However, the impact of viewing violence on television may become immediately evident in the child’s behavior, or it may not surface till later (Canton and Wilson, 1984). While violence portrayed on television is not the cause of aggressive behavior, it is clearly a significant factor. Children â€Å"are predisposed to seek out and pay attention to violence† (Canton and Wilson, 1984). It is not the violence itself that makes programs attractive to children, but the vivid images accompanying them. Children are unlikely to put the violence in context since they are likely to misunderstand the violent images being portrayed – children cannot comprehend fiction from reality. They don’t realize TV programs are people acting out a script and the scenes are not real. They become less sensitive to pain and suffering of others, and children are more likely ...

ORAL PRESENTATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ORAL PRESENTATION - Essay Example According to Helen Gardner an art historian, the depth and scope of his likings were without practice and "his personality and mind seemed superhuman, the man himself remote and mysterious." In addition, it is claimed that, despite the various assumptions about Da Vinci, his world vision was logical rather than enigmatic and that the experiential methods he engaged in were rare during his time. Da Vinci was born out of marriage to a lawyer, and a laborer woman, Caterina, in Vinci within the Florence region, Leonardo da Vinci got his education in a studio of the well-known Florentine painter Verrocchio. Most of his early working life was done in Milan with the guidance of Ludovico IL Moro (Leonardoda-Vinci 4). He later on went to work in Bologna, Venice and Rome, and spent his remaining years in France. Da Vinci was well-known mainly as a painter. Amongst his works, included the Mona Lisa painting of which is the most well-known and most imitated painting, as well as The Last Supper of which is the most religiously reproduced painting ever, with their prominence coming close to only Michelangelos Adam Creation. Da Vinci’s painting of the Man of Vitruvian is also considered as a cultural icon that has been reproduced on several items such as textbooks, the euro coin, and T-shirts. There are about fifteen of Da Vinci’s paintings that have survived because of his continuous, and regularly catastrophic, experimentations with new methods, and his prolonged postponement. However, several of these works as well as his notebooks, which contained scientific diagrams, drawings, and his views on the method of painting, influenced artists of later generations matched by only that of his existing, Michelangelo (Leonardoda-Vinci 4). Da Vinci is admired for his technological inventiveness. He conceptualized a tank, flying machines, concentrated solar power, the double hull, and the calculator; he also outlined the theory of rudimentary plate

Audit proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Audit proposal - Essay Example This therefore shows that an audit should be frequently undertaken and in a very concise manner. Another reason it should always be undertaken is that it helps mitigate the possibility of any risks in the operations of the business. In line with the above, an auditor selected to conduct one to an organization needs to write an audit proposal to convince the management on the importance of conducting the audit and how cost effective they are likely to do it and achieve the organizational objectives. A proposal must be detailed and thorough, prepared in an ethical and professional manner (Blazek, 2008). Types of Audits applicable There are several forms of audit that can be performed to Kudler fine foods. This is to ensure its smooth operations, sure financial stability, and accountability and the most is, the audit to ensure that it’s system controls function effectively. Among the types of audits we have; financial audits, this is done ascertain the reliability, reliance, fair ness, accuracy of the financial data. Financial data that can be relied upon aids in the planning of several company activities, good financial data helps an organization in focusing into the future (Blazek, 2008). Another type of audit is the operations audit that is generally concerned with the audit of the general operations, with operations audit there comes an aspect of evaluation and assessment of the fine foods operations accompanied with complex operation structures incorporating the use of modern technology like the use of software in handling the assets of the restaurants. Information systems audit entails general controls review, application controls review and systems control review. General controls would involve assessment of the general system applications and security. Their development is fundamental and their maintenance comes with the package of these controls. Application control revolves around the review of several application systems within the organization. T he controls on inputs, processing and outputs are extensively analyzed, examined, and then assessed to determine their effectiveness. The last on this is the systems control review is the overview of the systematic development of a new system. This runs right from the identification of the organizational objectives, then the system development organizational needs. Lastly, there is the implementation of a system and evaluated. To crown it all Kudler fine foods can also apply the integrated audit system, which is easier to apply since it, summarizes all the above types of audits in totality (Blazek, 2008). Audit process recommended and application The fine foods restaurant is established in a system, which is industry specific and is in the verge of cost reduction measures. Its employees also have vast knowledge of the systems under which the fine foods restaurant operates. Kudler fine foods have installed a software system for efficient inventory control, efficient monitoring, and c ontrol of cash as the major assets of the business venture. The system handles effective acquisition of materials for the organization and issuance of the same materials. The software is also used to handle the accounting needs of the organization and therefore accurate financial reporting for decision-making. To control and allocate labor costs efficiently, the software system allows for a clock card process to account for the number of labor hours actually worked. Dummy workers are a major problem in majority of organizations and many organizations normally loose monetary resources through such leakages. The payroll process ensures that the right payments are made to the right people at the right time and without any loss of valuable

Three basic concepts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Three basic concepts - Research Paper Example Here comes the option of outsourcing either the whole manufacturing unit or certain major business activities while would help BlueJay in increasing its output. Now in this context there are two things that need to be considered; first, what portions of the manufacturing unit should be outsourced, and second is the amount of capital investment that BlueJay has to make for this new outsourcing plan. This study aim at discussing the basic concepts of the cost of ownership understanding single or multiple options of outsourcing business operational activities of the company. A relationship between cost estimation and financial statements would be explained to validate the basic concepts. For understanding the nuances of the supply chain management in the company, cost of ownership plays an important role. The different elements associated with the cost of ownership involve purchasing price, salvage value or resale value and other expenses which lead to acquisition, disposal and conversi on. These further includes the cost associated with purchase of orders, delivery charges, search costs, handling and storage cost, maintenance cost, repair, etc, and disposal. Cost of ownership when incorporated for analysis of the financial benefit presents cost base for the determination of the economic value of investments. For example internal rate of return, return on investment. The cost of ownership analysis includes operating cost and total cost for acquisition. It is also used to measure the viability of the capital investment. Enterprise may utilize it to as a comparison tool (Zachariassen, & Arlbjorn, 2009, p. 5-8). The three concepts which closely align the cost of ownership are the life-cycle costing, zero based costing and cost-based evaluation of supplier’s performance. All of these concepts are developed to monitor the performance of the suppliers based on the expectations of the firm. The objective is to focus more on the maintenance of long-term relationship with the suppliers, but at the same time calculate the cost associated with supply chain management and manufacturing. In this case the outsourcing cost can be estimated. In order to calculate the cost of ownership BlueJay has to follow an eight step process: a) Analyze the present scenario of the company, b) Map the activities and the processes in the company, c) Identification of the cost drivers, d) Collect the data on activity usage, e) Identification of the potential solution/solutions, f) Estimation of the cost drivers associated with the improvements, g) Calculation of the cost of ownership for different scenarios (before and after), and f) Presenting the results (Woodside, Gibbert, & Golfetto, 2008, p. 207-209). Cost estimates are nothing but approximation of the project cost, which is important for avoiding the problems associated with cost overrun. In case of BlueJay the manufacturing cost would have to be estimated, which can be segregated into three categories; manufact uring overhead, labor cost, and direct material costs. The cost estimates are utilized to conduct a cost-volume-profit analysis to project a revenue figure of the company with respect to its volume of production and the cost incurred by the company for it. Another reason for evaluating the cost-volume profit is to identify the breakeven point of the company’s revenue generation. The estimation of the cost of the manufacturing unit is documented in the cost sheet of a company, which in turn is

The Case Of Nationalism In Bosnia Herzegovina Politics Essay

The Case Of Nationalism In Bosnia Herzegovina Politics Essay This essay will be focusing on the ethnic conflict that erupted predominantly in Eastern Europe as a result of the dissolution of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia in the late twentieth century. Attention will be given specifically to Bosnia Herzegovina (Bosnia) to illustrate the on going effects of ethnic conflicts that continue and how autonomy was sought by the Bosnian Muslims in reaction to the strong nationalism expressed by the Serbians and Croats during that time. The situation surrounding Bosnia is a valid example of contemporary nationalism, and as a nation it continues to face ethnic conflict and conquest and the threat of war and domination by the Serbians, who still seek a unified Slavic state. In assessing Bosnia, this essay will firstly define nationalism and assess how Bosnia can be looked at as an example of both ethnic and civic nationalism. A brief interpretation will also be given to what is meant by ethnic conflict before looking specifically at the causes of the eventual collapse of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Yugoslavia) and how this subsequently gave birth to several new nations, including Bosnia. Focus will then turn solely to Bosnia and at the key issues that led to the outbreak of ethnic conflict and the rise of nationalism within the nation and furthermore, which ethnic groups were involved and what their motives were. Conclusions will then be drawn as to the stability of Bosnia in the present day and why it can be used as a case study to demonstrate the happenings of both contemporary nationalism and of ethnic conflict. To begin with this examination into Bosnia, it is firstly important to set out the parameters of what is meant when one refers to ethnic conflict, the ideology of nationalism and more specifically the further distinctions made between ethnic and civic nationalism. For the purposes of this essay, the idea of nationalism occurring within or against a state is defined as a group of people who see themselves as distinct in their culture, history, institutions, or principles and should thus rule themselves in a political system that expresses and protects those distinctive characteristics.  [1]  Quite simply, it can be looked at as a category of practices as an institutionalized cultural and political form with the aim of building a nation.  [2]   Ethnic or Eastern nationalism is a strand of nationalism that places more emphasis on the creation of a state based on common cultural, religious and linguistic traditions and generally occurred against an existing state opposed to within it.  [3]  Conversely, civic or Western nationalism appeared to encase a more sophisticated demeanor and was based on the ideals of individual liberty  [4]  and political ideals with membership to that state being defined purely in political terms.  [5]  As this essay will later purport to show in its discussion, Bosnia identifies with several parts of the ethnic nationalist ideology, however it also shares commonalities with civic nationalism, particularly in certain areas of Bosnia where there are separate political institutions set up to bring order and civility to those areas. Ethnic conflict refers to the struggle between mobilized identity groups for greater power, whether for equality within an existing state or for the establishment of a fully independent nation.  [6]  It should be noted that the collapse of states is more often than not, the cause of ethnic conflicts opposed to the result.  [7]  In this instance, the dissolution of Yugoslavia as a multination state resulted in the re-emergence of much older historical identities, religions and ethnicities being used as a mechanism and foundation on which to base a nations claim to autonomy.  [8]  Consequently, conflict began to erupt between those who were dedicated to the principles of state sovereignty and territorial integrity, versus those who clung to their ethnic and religious roots as a means to define an independent state.  [9]  A more in depth analysis will be given to the role of ethnic conflict and its causal link to the rise of nationalism in Bosnia at a later point in this essay. To understand the relevance of these terms that have now been interpreted, a brief overview must be given of the collapse of Yugoslavia and the birth of Bosnia as an independent state near the end of the twentieth century. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Yugoslavia) emerged in 1943 and comprised of six socialist republics. Those republics were Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia. Serbia, in addition, included two autonomous provinces of Vojvodina and Kosovo. During this period, Josip Tito began his reign as Prime Minister of Yugoslavia and in 1953 he became the President of the state.  [10]  It has been said that Tito was the chief architect of the second Yugoslavia  [11]  , as he was pivotal to the development and birth of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Tito instigated the ideology of socialism throughout Yugoslavia and after the commencement of World War Two in 1945, Yugoslavia became victim to peculiarly harsh Communist system.  [12]   For several decades during the mid twentieth century, Yugoslavia enjoyed economic success and prospered as a nation. In the nineteen sixties, Yugoslavia could boast an annual gross domestic product growth of approximately 6.1 percent, with free medical care, and a literacy rate of 91%.  [13]  Yugoslavia remained at this point in time, the most diverse collectivity of societies in the Balkan region.  [14]  Political reform began to lose momentum in the early nineteen seventies and was suddenly pushed aside within the pluralist multi-nation in favour of federalization.  [15]  The push for federalization came as a reactionary movement to the growing Serbian supremacy in Yugoslavia as Tito realized he needed to enforce institutional innovations that would federalize the federation.  [16]   By the nineteen eighties, Yugoslavias once growing economy began to hinder as the international arena was changing from a bipolar sphere to the dominance of the United States of America as a unilateral mega power. There was a growing amount of foreign debt and increasing amounts of Yugoslavias GDP were being swallowed by debt servicing. There was also a sudden decrease in Western aid after the Soviet President Gorbachev began to admit defeat to the American and Western Europe.  [17]  On May 4th 1980, Tito passed away and with this, the strong socialist regime of Yugoslavia began to break down and the process of democratization in the six republics started to ensue. As a result, central state authority became increasingly weaker, and Yugoslavia faced an upsurge of nationalist movements and anarchy.  [18]   Titos 1974 constitution remained in force during the immediate period after his death and this allowed for a rotation system out of the eight leaders of the republics, for year long presidencies. These short terms of presidencies turned out to be highly ineffective and added to the unstable and increasingly volatile conditions of Yugoslavia. Essentially it left open a power vacuum with Slobodan MiloÃ…Â ¡eviĆ¡ gaining steady momentum from the many Serbian nationalists who resided throughout Yugoslavia and particularly within Bosnia Herzegovenia.  [19]  MiloÃ…Â ¡eviĆ¡ began rallying to the many Serbian supporters he had, making reference to Yugoslavias historical past and the pressing need to unite all the Slavic nations into one centralized government and brotherhood.  [20]  As a reaction to the strong nationalist Serbian movement occurring within Yugoslavia, both Croatia and Slovenia quickly declared autonomy and independence of state and after a v ictorious week of fighting by the Slovenes in the Ten Day War the breakup of Yugoslavia had begun.  [21]   In 1992, the multi-nation state of Yugoslavia began to break apart and left several nations fighting for autonomy. Instead of these nations clinging to Western liberal democratic ideals to form a state, they fell back on their own older and entrenched religions, ethnicities and national identities to assert independence over one another.  [22]  Bosnia, compiled of the Croats, Serbs and Bosnian Muslims, was suddenly facing an internal clash of cultures and identities with the Serbians residing in Bosnia wanting to unify with Serbia and the other remaining Slavic nations, against the Croats and Muslims who wanted independence as a state. There were several factors that contributed to the tensions and ethnic conflicts between the three main ethnic groups residing in Bosnia. Firstly, there were historical hostilities and antagonisms that had existed within the ethnic groups for centuries. There was also the sudden presence and dominance of Serbian nationalist MiloÃ…Â ¡eviĆ¡, who continued to pursue Bosnia as a Slavic nation and part of that sanctity. To add to the fragility of the situation facing Bosnia during the early nineteen nineties, there was an inadequate political institution in place with Bosnias parliament fragmented based on ethnicity and was divided into a majority Bosnian faction and minority Serb and Croat factions.  [23]  In 1991, Radovan KaradÃ…Â ¾iĆ¡, the nationalist leader of the Serb Democratic Party, gave a strong and hostile warning to the Bosnian president, stating: This, what you are doing, is not good. This is the path that you want to take Bosnia and Herzegovina on, the same highway of hell and death that Slovenia and Croatia went on. Dont think that you wont take Bosnia and Herzegovina into hell, and the Muslim people maybe into extinction. Because the Muslim people cannot defend themselves if there is war here.  [24]   Bosnia was surrounded by two incredibly powerful and nationalistic states; Croatia and Serbia who both extended equal rights and citizenships to the Croat and Serb Bosnians. Therefore, it was impossible for Bosnia to resolve its national identity without the input of Croatia and Serbia.  [25]  One the one side in Bosnia, there were the Serbian nationalists who identified closely with Milosevic and their greater homeland of Serbia and thus wanted a unified Slavic state, and to be part of the brotherhood. Others however, such as the Croats and particularly the Bosnian Muslims, wanted to identify with their own individual ethnic groups and stick to the notion of individual opposed to collective rights and the freedom to identify with whom they choose. With Bosnias demographic structure comprising a population of Serbs and Croats of approximately 50%, and with ideas on independence resting with the ethnicities rather than the nation on the whole  [26]  , control of territory once again became open to interpretation, particularly due to the pluralist and multi-culture nature that existed within Bosnia which led to large sections of Bosnia, Croatia and Serbia under dispute as to its proper ownership.  [27]   In October 1991, Bosnia joined Croatia and Slovenia in declaring its sovereignty and quickly organized a referendum on independence in March 1992.  [28]  The general Serbian population residing in Bosnia was encouraged by the Serbian nationalists to boycott the referendum and subsequently, the turnout in the referendum was 64-67% and the vote was 98% in favor of independence.  [29]  Independence was however officially declared on March 5 1992 by the parliament of Bosnia. However, this merely added and even encouraged the continued surge of nationalism from the Serbs in Bosnia and instant war broke out in Bosnia between the different ethnicities and much to the detriment of the Bosnian Muslims who although made up an estimated 48%  [30]  of the population, were ill equipped to stand up to the strong Serbian forces who were receiving support from their own nation. A period of genocide, ethnic cleansing and blood shed occurred over the next three years and was the tragic consequence of the Bosnian War that illustrated a series of failures made by the Western world at large and also at a regional level, the failures of local leaders to intervene and offer any sort of assistance.  [31]  There was a fundamental breach of human rights during this period and a total disregard for any rule of law or civility. Whilst the Serb Bosnians engaged in a greater amount of ethnic cleansing during this period of trauma, it should be noted that they were also the victims of such cleansing at the peril of the other two ethnic groups.  [32]  The Bosnian Muslims had really pushed to preserve Bosnias existence as a multi-cultural state  [33]  and did not want to see the division of Bosnia. Only a scarce minority of politically significant actors in Bosnia were committed to trying to mediate a balance between a civil society and competing nationalisms.  [34]   November 1995 brought some hope to the Bosnian cause when the Dayton Accord was signed, purporting to end the Bosnian War and the continued outbreaks of conflict in the region.  [35]  The Dayton Accord had the purpose of compromising between the ethnic groups who sought an independent unitary state, versus those who sought total autonomy from Yugoslavia and the Slavic nations.  [36]  The institutional part of the agreement created a Bosnian state divided between Bosnia, which is shared between the Bosnians and the Croats, and the Republika Srpska. The Bosnian-Croat federation holds 51% of the territory with the remaining 49% controlled by the Republika Srpska.  [37]  Each division has their own parliament and presidency. Fifteen years has passed since the implementation of the Dayton Peace Accord which effectively ended a great proportion of the ethnic conflict and cleansing occurring in Bosnia as a result of the Bosnian War. However, in a contemporary setting, nationalism and consequently ethnic conflict still pursues in Bosnia and there are mounting fears by the United Nations and the international community, that war is still a threat to the Bosnians due to the divided and segregated nature of Bosnia.  [38]  With the Dayton Accord dividing Bosnia into a Muslim -Croat federation and a Serbian republic, each ethnic group has established their own legislature with ten regional authorities each with their own police force, health system, education system and judiciary.  [39]  Furthermore as a result of the Bosnian War and the division of Bosnia, there is a huge displaced population of Bosnian Muslims, Croats and Serbs who were essentially driven out of Bosnia and are now scattered throughout t he world with little national identity left in tact. In conclusion, the situation that occurred in Bosnia during the late twentieth century exemplifies the pivotal role nationalism played within the state and the consequential ethnic conflict that erupted and continues to do so, as a result of three different ethnic groups identifying strongly to their own historical nationalisms and religions. Due to the strong nationalistic tendencies of the Croats and Serbs residing in Bosnia during this time, Bosnian Muslims who historically were not allowed to declare themselves as Bosnians  [40]  were forced to band together and unite in their own autonomy and form a national identity so as to compete with the much stronger Croats and Serbs. As a result of these competing nationalism, ethnic conflict ensued and was only resolved after the implementation of the Dayton Accord which effectively segregated Bosnia into different regions dominated by different ethnicities. For example, the city of Mostar before the Bosnian War was considered the mo st ethnically integrated city in all of the former Yugoslavia.   [41]  Now, Mostar has developed into the most divided town in Bosnia where even a pizza delivery joint will not deliver to the Muslim sector of Mostar across the bridge. This is viewed as a victory for the Croat and Serb Nationalists against the Bosnian Muslims.  [42]   The on-going situation in Bosnia Herzegovina really demonstrates a contemporary example of nationalism occurring and further shows the severe impact nationalism has had on the country and how it led to the eventual segregation of the nation as well as pursuant ethnic conflict. Whilst the nationalism portrayed by the Serbs and Croats mostly identifies with the ethnic strand of nationalism, that is nationalism founded on historical ethnicities, customs and religions, it is interesting to note that Bosnia Herzegovina as a whole, and particularly through the Bosnian Muslims, share many elements of civic nationalism in its attempt to set up order, democracy, and political institutions. Perhaps the conflict of the two nationalisms also contributed to the volatile nature and confusion that seems to cloud over Bosnia. Whilst it is idealistic and perhaps naÃÆ' ¯ve to hope that Bosnia will one day have unity as an independent state, it is still a vision that many civilians in Bosnia and around the world share. Bosnia has provided the global arena with a strong message and precedent and demonstrates a situation that must be learnt from especially in the overall dangers and effects that competing nationalisms can have on even the most harmonious nations.

Nothings Changed :: Papers

Nothing's Changed When you phoned last night I was clipping my nails. I stood at the window of my bedroom; the phone cradled between my chin and shoulder, and clipped my nails as I listened to your voice. It had, after all, been some time since I heard it and I was, as ever, mesmerised. "I'm coming to town on Friday. I thought we could meet for a drink or something," you said, as if we were and always had been quiet, calm friends. "Sure. Sounds good." I watched the tiny clippings, brittle slivers of dead cells, fall to the floor. We arranged a meeting and you hung up. I remained at the window, the phone burning the palm of my hand. Eventually I replaced it on the hook and sat on the table overlooking the street below. I placed my hands palm down, feeling the cold on my skin. To drown the memory of your voice I looked at them minutely. My nails were short and functional, with sharp edges, not the perfectly soft rounded ones of before. My hands. The lifetime of hands; the language of hands. Here were the scars of a lifetime spent trying to unearth something, what I wasn't sure. My hands have aged with me, the knuckles have become red raw from the years of slave driving manual work, scars from unforgotten accidents, a story behind each one. I turned them over to look at the palms, lined now, the heel roughened by years. There was a scar beneath my ring, whitened by time. The silver mood ring, which flashes golden in the sun, and burns red whenever you are near. Do you remember the night you gave it to me? The first time you whispered in my ear that you loved me, and the expression on your face when I said it back? These hands, they had held starfish and crabs, caught by my brother and father on the long summers days spent at the beach down in Sussex where my grandmother lived by the sea.